Image in the left: http://www.impelind.com/process/page2.html
Image in the right: http://www.kyoei-systems.com/content/services/cam.htm
Advanced processes of materials like; steel, timber and membrane fabrications are leading to new concepts on articulation of space, shape, aesthetics and sustainability.
Architecture is becoming much more diverse…
Developed with military use as a driven idea, or scientific purposes the Computer Numerical Control (CNC) which still consists the basis of CAM applications is recently being used by manufacturing world leading companies.
Examples of already applied new approaches are various. Octatube Space Structures with their pavilion’s glass façade (Florida Pavilion), a water-filled suspended frameless glass pond and also the double-curved roof panels.
Dealing with challenges like manufacturing and assembly of the panels after being produced and cut by CNC. The 3D panels were developed by a combined process of digital production and explosive forming. And at the end adapting the process to an economically feasible production. The other example of Octatube in Yitzak Rabin Centre in Tel Aviv took other challenges by bringing more advanced solutions. A ‘file-to-factory’ production.
www.e-flux.com http://www.octatube.nlExplosive Forming
http://autospeed.com/cms/A_109807/article.html Uses the same basic approach as electrohydraulic forming - but replaces the arc discharge with explosives. The explosion creates a shockwave which causes the metal to take the shape of the die.
Robotic Manufacturing Techniques
New York based Contemporary Architecture Practice created The Wall of the Future using state-of-the-art robotic manufacturing techniques for MoMA's exhibition Home Delivery.
The wall (9.6 x 7.6 x 0.8 feet) explores the possibilities of architecture in the near future combining space, structure and skin into a single form.
http://www.c-a-p.net/
Manufacturing Diversity and Rethought Prefabrication
http://www.dynamicarchitecture.net/home.html
The Dynamic Tower in Dubai will be the first skyscraper to be entirely constructed in a factory from prefabricated parts, it will require only 600 people in the assembly facility and 80 technicians on the construction site instead of 2,000 workers on a similar size traditional construction site, Construction is scheduled to be completed by 2010.
Image courtesy: http://www.dynamicarchitecture.net/home.html
The prefabricated units arrive at the building site ready for quick and efficient installation, this approach known as the Fisher Method also requires far less workers on the construction site than traditional traditionally, In fact each floor of the building can be completed in only seven days, units can also be customized according to the owners' needs and styles.
Fisher Method, Image courtesy: http://www.dynamicarchitecture.net/home.html
Each individual unit will be completely finished at the Factory and exported worldwide, it will be equipped with all necessary plumbing and electric systems including all finishing from flooring to ceilings, bathrooms, kitchens, cabinets, lighting and furniture.
Image courtesy: http://www.dynamicarchitecture.net/home.html
The Nasher Sculpture Center, Dallas - Renzo Piano Building Workshop
Fig. 1
One of the driving concepts for the building was to provide as much natural daylight to the principal internal galleries as possible to provide optimum viewing conditions for the artwork.
Fig. 2
New Technologies
Arup went back to first principles to develop an innovative shading solution for a building where architecture and aesthetics are valued. The development of the design began by calculating critical solar angles to determines the exact curvature of the shading shell opening that would prevent any direct sunlight penetrating the shade at any time of year. The decision was taken to work with three-dimensional computer models for the development of the form allowing the integration of the complex solar data with the geometric models. Throughout the development all information was communicated through the exchange of 3-D models; no paper drawings were produced.
The innovative use of 3-D computer modelling and rapid prototyping enabled the development of this unique shading product optimised for the site. It enabled good communication with the client and design team and dramatically reduced the time from concept to manufacture.
Fig.3
Images courtesy (Fig; 1-3) and text:
Digital Fabricators Michael Stacey Building Centre Trust and London Metropolitan University with Philip Beesley and Vincent Hui, University of Waterloo Cambridge Galleries November 11, 2004 - January 30 2005
Antwerp Law Courts - Richard Rogers Partnership 
Fig. 1
Courtroom roofs
Arup modelled the roofs in ACAD 3D, importing the centreline geometry and sections sizes from OASIS GSA, which is the Arup in-house structural analysis package. Each courtroom roof is composed of four geometric hyperbolic paraboloid (HP) forms. In simple terms, the HP is a double-curved surface.
The initial design of the HP forms consisted of a perimeter steel tubular frame containing short sections of prefabricated laminated timber beams connected at the nodes to form the double-curved grid. This grid of beams in turn was covered with LVL kerto plywood to form the outer structural skin of the roof. Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Images courtesy (Fig; 1-3) and text:
Digital Fabricators
Michael Stacey Building Centre Trust and London Metropolitan University with Philip Beesley and Vincent Hui, University of Waterloo Cambridge Galleries November 11, 2004 - January 30 2005
Conclusion:
The challenge for the future is the relation of existing and the emerging techniques and technologies in the field of architecture. Which is possible by fully understanding each of the process in both sides, even rethinking and reinventing from one or the other side in order to achieve a quite extensive coherence in-between potentials of technology and architecture.
Excerpts from:
MENGES, Achim
2006: ’Manufacturing Diversity’, AD 76/2 =180, p.70-77.
Summarised by: Banush Shyqeriu
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